Que é o communismo?: Não é partilha.

Lisbon: Francisco Xavier de Souza,, 1848. Early Portuguese publication on communism Rare first edition in Portuguese, translated from the similarly scarce French first edition published in the same year. WorldCat locates three copies only of the Portuguese translation, at Harvard, Yale, and the University of Michigan. The Belgian author Guarin de Vitry discusses several common objections to communism: that it results in a centralised, and too powerful, government; that it restricts individual freedom; that the abolition of competition results in lack of productivity; and that the distribution of goods would be a problem. This pamphlet was translated by João Maria Nogueira (1816-1856), a journalist with socialist leanings who wrote political pamphlets and books, and works on statistics. Although regarded as a translation by Rodrigues, Innocencio lists it under Nogueira's own works. Sextodecimo (161 x 111 mm), 16 pp. Printed pamphlet, wire-stitched, unopened. Evenly toned with some faint marks and spots, else a very good copy. Innocencio III, pp. 412-3 (though not identifying this as a translation); Rodrigues, A tradução em Portugal 6739 (not stating the original language).