Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929): Leben und Werk

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Book Description:

Jan Baudouin de Courtenay was a Polish linguist and Slavist known for his theory of the phoneme and phonetic alternations. Baudouin de Courtenay's academic life was spent mostly at the Imperial Russian universities of Kazan, Dorpat, and St. Petersburg, leading him to be considered by Russia as a Russian scientist. His work had a major impact on 20th-century linguistic theory, serving as a foundation for several schools of phonology. He was an early champion of synchronic linguistics, the study of contemporary spoken languages, which he developed contemporaneously with the structuralist linguistic theory of Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. His work on the theory of phonetic alternations may have influenced de Saussure's work. Among his most notable achievements is the distinction between statics and dynamics of languages and between a language (an abstract group of elements) and speech (its implementation by individuals). Together with two of his students, Baudouin de Courtenay also shaped the modern usage of the term phoneme. Three major schools of 20th-century phonology arose directly from his distinction between physiophonetic (phonological) and psychophonetic (morphophonological) alternations: the Leningrad school of phonology, the Moscow school of phonology, and the Prague school of phonology. Der polnische Sprachwissenschaftler Jan Baudouin de Courtenay war einer der vielseitigsten und produktivsten Gelehrten seiner Zeit und zugleich ein engagierter Streiter für Wahrhaftigkeit und Gerechtigkeit. Durch sorgfältige Datensammlungen wie durch ideenreiche theoretische Überlegungen lieferte er bedeutende Beiträge zu den verschiedensten Bereichen der Sprachforschung, die auch in der modernen Linguistik nach wie vor Beachtung verdienen. Dieses Buch enthält einen ausführlichen Lebenslauf Baudouins, eine thematisch geordnete Darstellung seiner sprachwissenschaftlichen Arbeiten und eine kritische Aufarbeitung von Diskussionen um seine Stellung in der Geschichte der Linguistik. Parallel zu dem vorliegenden Band erscheint eine Ausgabe ausgewahlter deutschsprachiger Werke Jan Baudouin de Courtenays.