The Legal Relation: Legal Theory After Legal Positivism

A NEW LOOK AT THE LEADING ASPECT OF MODERN JURISPRUDENCE FROM PROFESSOR SOMEK

An appreciation by Elizabeth Robson Taylor of Richmond Green Chambers and Phillip Taylor MBE, Head of Chambers

and Reviews Editor, "The Barrister"

It's always useful to see a new book which might just help undergraduates understand the complexities of jurisprudence and legal theory.

The subject remains disliked by so many law students as they see it as "political", and "difficult" to understand complete with all the theorems and names of leading jurisprudents unknown outside our world of philosophy and law… plus the strange (to some) concepts of Hart and Dworkin!

So, what is this one all about? Professor Alexander Somek states that "legal theory ought to explain why and how the law matters to our lives" whilst he admits that there is "an element of the Marxist critique of law". He also writes that a "new beginning is needed". "But", he says, "where would one go when both legal and positivism and natural law theory drop out of the picture"?

Step forward, then, a new name: Alexander Somek. He bases his work on a return to what he calls "the broader theoretical perspective from which modern legal positivism originated in the early work of Hans Kelsen, namely, constructivism".

This seminal work on what Somek entitles "The Legal Relation" "does not adopt any particular thinker". As a new "thinker", Somek covers legal theory after legal positivism with a most realistic overview of what we mean by a system of norms.

There are six short chapters in total with an introduction and an epilogue in under 200 readable pages. And the author does remain faithful to what he calls "the original constructivist ethos of modern legal positivism".

Provocatively, Somek posits the old, old question - what is law? He replies with this comment: "the usual answer is that the law is a system of norms. But this answer gives us at best half of the story. The law is a way of relating to one another".

He goes on to compound his theory: "we do not do this as lovers or friends and not as people who are interested in obtaining guidance from moral insight".

One important point, Somek says, is that "in a legal context, we are cast as "character masks" ( from Marx), for example, as "buyer" and "seller" or "landlord" and "tenant"". The conclusion is that we expect to have our claims respected simply because the law has given us rights.

We found the emphasis on "Marx as a jurisprudent" to be quite helpful with the resurgence of this man's frightening legacy on the development of human society in so many countries as such an obvious mechanism to create dictatorships.

Somek concludes that we don't want to give any other reason for our behaviour other than "the fact that we have a legal right. Backing rights up with coercive threats indicates that we are willing to accept legal obligations unwillingly. This book offers (us) a conceptual reconstruction of the legal relation on the basis of a critique of legal positivism".

The book was published on 30th November 2017. We suggest it will be a huge benefit to those students of jurisprudence who seek a higher level of research for their final degree classification.