Modernization of Primary Education in the Ottoman State and the Jews of Turkey

Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi. 2022. New. Paperback. 13x21 cm. In Turkish. 78 p. The relationship between the Ottoman Empire and the Jews started in the 16th century. In the 15th cen- tury, JewsinEuropewereexpelledfromEngland,FranceandtheIberianpeninsuladueto"anti-Semitism". In addition to the local Jews living on the territory of the Ottoman Empire, those expelled from Europe settled in these lands in a free environment. They established a solid relationship with the Turks based on trust.Especiallyapartfromthosecomingfrommostpartsoftheworld,SephardimJewsformedtheinnova- tivesocietyofthestatewiththeirintellectualcharacter.TheJews,whousedtohavebankingandtrade,lost their powerful positions to Greeks and Armenians over time. They declined in the 19th century. Education focused on traditional religious education started to change in terms of primary education. In particular, thereformistJewishorganizationAllianceIsraeliteUniverselleandtheschoolsestablishedbymissionaries from abroad began to provide western-style education in the 19th century. The Ottoman Empire collapsed attheendoftheBalkanWarsandtheFirstWorldWar.TheRepublicof Turkey wasestablishedinitsplace. Inthisprocess,theprimaryeducationpolicyoftheJewsintheselands,thetransformationoftheeducation system,theschoolstheyopenedandtheirculturalidentitieswererevealed.Theeventsaffectingknowledge productionandchangewererevealedwiththeperspectiveofbasiceducation.