Red Mars Tapa dura - 1992

Red Mars is the first book in the Mars Trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson. A joint American-Russian mission sends the first colonial voyage to Mars with 100 colonists with the goal of establishing a permanent settlement. Against the backdrop of powerful transnational corporate interests, an Earth crippled by overpopulation and disaster and earnest debate about the role of human activity in planetary terraforming, the novel intertwines sociological, personal, political and scientific themes. Red Mars won the British Science Fiction Award in 1992 and the Nebula in 1993. An ambitious project by Spike TV to create a television adaptation has been on hold since 2016. Other books in the series are Green Mars and Blue Mars.

Mars was first published in the UK by HarperCollins in 1992. Bound in red cloth boards, it features a black jacket with grey lettering and a red martian scape banded across the front flap and spine. The number line reads 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2. The first US edition was published in New York by Spectra in 1993 and is in a glossy pictorial jacket with a ship orbiting the surface of Mars.